Saturday, May 12, 2012

DB2 9.7 Special Series 2012 : Part 00 - Introduction

In this Special Series blog, I will presenting new topics which are not brodely covered in DB2 forums. This are some of the very interesting topic which you may think of implementing in your environment.

Kindly please test you configuration before applying it on to your environment. Step & method presented in this Special series are presented based on my testing.

Over a period of time, I will keep of adding different topics so kindly bookmark this pages.

In the DB2 9.7 Special Series 2012, following topics are covered

Refer all previous series

Year 2010


Year 2011

Year 2012





Part 01 - Uninstalling DB2 9.7 and TSAMP software

Part 02 - Installing DB2 9.7 (New Installation)

Part 03 - Upgrading TSAMP software

Part 04 - Implementing TSAMP security in DB2 9.7 HADR cluster configuration.

Part 05 - Start/Stop TSAMP software in DB2 9.7 HADR cluster configuration

Part 06 - DB2 Partial database resotre in DB2 9.7 DPF environment.



Sunday, April 01, 2012

DB2 Backup and Recovery (BAR) - Part 05 - DB2 Recovery with Example

Part 03 - Introduction to DB2 Logging Mechanism
Part 04 - DB2 Backup with example


 Introduction


Recovery of database is one of the DBAs worst nightmare. In the age of internet, where information is capture and stored for analytical purpose, there is pressure on IT infrastructure to accomodate such a large volume of data. Database are growing in size each day and pressure to deliver result in sub-second response time become every more critical. Failure in such a critical system result into hugh loss. Further, corruption of data results into serious consequence. 


In order to support such kind of critical data, new way of are develop to protect and recovery the data. Today, every RDBMS available in the market support it own level of recovery mechanism. DB2 is no different to any of other product available in the market. It offer a more simple and faster way to recover the data in the every of corruption or data loss. With each new version of DB2, there is a major improvement in the area of Backup and Recovery thereby reducing the RTO and RPO.

In this blog, I will discuss different type of DB2 recovery option and will present sample examples. 


Type of Recoveries


 DB2 support three type of Recovery mechanism. They are discussed below

01) Crash Recovery

  • It is a type of recovery which bring the database back to the consistent state after unplanned failure
  • It perform rollback operation of the transaction that were not committed and perform data page externalization for all the committed transactions
  • If the tablespace is damaged in circular logging database and cannot be made online then in order to start the database it needs to be dropped to start the database else database will not start
    • If the database is not started, try restarting it using RESTART command
db2 "restart database sample"
    • If there are corrupt tablespace the database restart will fail with SQL0290N error code
    • Then check the DB2 administration notification file for list of all tablespace that are in DROP PENDING state
db2 get dbm cfg | grep -i diag
cd /home/db2inst1/sqllib/db2dump
vi db2inst1.nfy

  • Try restarting the database with DROP PEDNING clause
db2 "restart database sample drop pending tablespaces(userspace1,tbsp_taba)"
  • Click here to get more detail on DB2 Crash Recovery
  • Crash recovery can be automated or can be done manually
  • Enabling Automated crash recovery
    • Set DB CFG parameter “autorestart” to “ON”
db2 "update db cfg for sample using autorestart on immediate"
    • Following the failure, DB2 will automatically restore the database to a consistent point by rolling forward and backup the changes from Active log files
  • Manually performing the Crash recovery
    • DB CFG parameter “autorestart” is set to “OFF”
    • Following the failure, “RESTART DATABASE” is issued to perform the crash recovery
db2 "restart database sample"

02) Version Recovery


  • It restores the database from the consistent full offline backup available.
  • Restore from only full offline backup operation is available.
  • Version recovery can be used with circular logging and archival logging database.
  • If the database is enabled for archival logging, then using only the FULL OFFLINE BACKUP of the database with the “WITHOUT ROLLING FORWARD” at the end of the “RESTORE” command can be used to perform version recovery.
  • All the transaction after the last full offline backup are lost in this type of recovery.
  • Click here to find more about DB2 Version Recovery.
  • Version recovery example


Sr. No
Description
Sample DB2 Command
1Check if database is configured for Circular logging. If database is configured for Archival logging this step is not needed.db2 get db cfg for sample | grep -i log
               LOGARCHMETH1 = OFF
2Perform Offline backup of the database-- Deactivate the database
db2 deactivate db sample
-- Check if the database is deactivated. This command check for db2loggr process. If not listed then DB is deactivated
db2pd -edus | grep -i db2lo
-- Perform offline backup of the database
db2 “backup database sample to /backup compress”
3Identify the set of offline backup and determine the recovery pointdb2 “list history backup all for database sample”

Op Obj Timestamp+Sequence Type Dev Earliest Log Current Log  Backup ID
-- --- ------------------ ---- --- ------------ ------------ --------------
 B  D  20110520114322001   F    D  S0000023.LOG S0000023.LOG
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Contains 3 tablespace(s):

 00001 SYSCATSPACE
 00002 USERSPACE1
 00003 SYSTOOLSPACE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Comment: DB2 BACKUP SAMPLE OFFLINE
Start Time: 20110520114322
  End Time: 20110520114345
    Status: A
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 EID: 29 Location: /home/db2inst1/gilroy/bar
4Determine which version of the database is needed using the timestamp displayed from the “LIST HISTORY” command  Details captured from previous command
1) Timestamp => 20110520114322001
2) Backup image location => /home/db2inst1/gilroy/bar
5.aVersion recovery on Circular Logging Databasedb2 “restore db sample from /home/db2inst1/gilroy/bar taken at 20110520114322001 into testdb
5.b.Version recovery on Archival logging databasedb2 “restore db sample from /home/db2inst1/gilroy/bar taken at 20110520114322001 into testdb without rolling forward



3) Rollforward Recovery (RFR)

  • It is the most flexible recovery type and provide different option of recovery.
  • It work in combination with BACKUP image, ARCHIVE LOG and ACTIVE LOG files.
  • Click here for more detail on DB2 Roll Forward Recovery.
  • The two type of recovery to consider are
    • Database rollforward recovery
    • Tablespace rollforward recovery
  • If the database is restored from online full backup “WITHOUT ROLLING FORWARD” clause then “ROLLFORWARD” operation is needed after “RESTORE” operation.
  • In this recovery type, after the RESTORE of the database or tablespace is performed, it sets the database in “ROLLFORWARD PENDING” state.
  • To take the database or tablespace out of “ROLLFORWARD PENDING” state, “ROLLFORWARD” command needs to be executed.

3.a) Database Rollforward Recovery


  • The database rollforward recovery option available are
    • End of logs
    • End of backup
    • Point in time
  • In DPF environment, 
    • If Point in time recovery is performed,  then all the database partition needs to be rollforwarded to a particular point in time. i.e PIT applies to all partition
    • If a single Database partition recovery is needed, then only recovery option available is the “End of Logs”.

3.b) Tablespace Rollforward Recovery

  • The tablespace rollforward recovery option available are
    • End of logs
    • Point in time
  • In order to perform tablespace recovery, a full backup of the database is needed which include all the tablespaces or backup of individual tablespaces are needed.
  • Log files are also needed to perform the rollforward operation.
  • After a tablespace restore, it always places tablesplace in roll forward pending state.
  • After the restore a ROLLFORWARD DATABASE command is needed on the the restored tablespace.



Useful Examples


1) Redirect restore of the database using version recovery

a) DB is enable for archival logging.

b) Perform offline backup of the database
  • Offline backup is needed when the current database has to be redirected restore.(Requires, only the Offline backup image)
  • Online backup can also be used, but transaction done during the online backup needs to be rollforward (Requires, Online Backup image + Archive/Active Log file)
c) Performing recovery of database
  • Version recovery if offline backup is used
  • Roll-forward recovery if online backup is used
d) Activate the database


2) Restore a failed Tablespace (Non-SYSCAT)

A) Restore failed tablespace from the available backup image
a) Identify the tablespace that is failed
  • ADMIN NOTIFICATION FILE
  • db2pd -tablespace -db sample

b) Restore the tablespace from the available backup image
db2 restore db sample tablespace (userspace1) online

c) Rollforward the tablespace to end of logs
db2 "rollforward db sample to end of logs tablespace(userspace1) online"

d) Optional. Take backup of database or backup of the restored tablespace

B) Backup image is not available for the failed tablespace
a) Identify the tablespace that is failed
  • ADMIN NOTIFICATION FILE
  • db2pd -tablespace -db sample

b) Check the create time of the failed tablespace
db2 "select varchar(TBSPACE,40),CREATE_TIME from syscat.tablespaces order by CREATE_TIME desc"

c) Check the available backup image


Sample DB2 Command


select
   START_TIME
   ,varchar(FIRSTLOG,12) as firstlog
   ,varchar(LASTLOG,12) as lastlog
   ,case OPERATIONTYPE
       when 'N' then 'Online Full DB Backup'
       when 'O' then 'Incremental DB backup'
       when 'F' then 'Offline full DB backup'
       when 'E' then 'Delta DB Backup'
   end as  Backup_type
   ,varchar(LOCATION,80) as backup_location
   --,SQLCODE
   ,case OBJECTTYPE
       when 'D' then 'Database'
       when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
       when 'T' then 'Table'
   end as Object_type
from
   sysibmadm.db_history
where
   operation='B'
and
   OPERATIONTYPE in ('N','O','F','E')
and
   SQLCODE is null
order by
   START_TIME desc



d) If the BKP_IMAGE < TBSP_CREATE_TIME then
  1. Perform full database restore from the latest BKP image
  2. Rollforward the database to end of logs and complete
e) If the BKP_IMAGE > TBSP_CREATE_TIME then
  1. Deactivate the Database
  2. Restore the tablespace from full database backup or TBSP backup
  3. Rollforward DB to end of logs and complete
f) Activate DB sample and check for the tablespace state

g) Note:-
  • When any new tablespace is created after Full/incremental/Delta backup, it is important that backup of new tablespace is created. This will avoid a full database restore operation if the tablespace fail before the next backup. This recovery scenario is covered in this case.
  • Also in DB2, recovery never goes below tablespace level. i.e the maximum recovery that you can achive is until Tablespace level nothing below that.
    • i.e. we have Database => Tablespace => Container => Disk.  
    • Here, we can recover Database, Tablespace. But no Container recovery is possible.
  • Container recovery is possible by doing
    1. Restore Tablespace from DB backup or Tablespace backup
    2. Rollforward to end of log
 
h)  Command:-
Method 1 :   Manual Incremental Restore of tablespace with backup having tablespace details

-- This command will restore the tablespace from the incremental backup images. It will set the tablespace in “Restore Pending” and “Restore in Progress” state. The “Online” clause is needed in order to keep application accessing the other tablespace.

db2 “restore db sample tablespace ( RST_BKP_TEST ) online incremental taken at 201108051628”

-- This command will take the tablespace out of “Restore Pending” state and put it in “Roll forward Pedding” state.Note here we are not mentioning the tablespace name.

db2 “restore db sample tablespace online incremental taken at 20110805162803”

-- Rollforward the database to end of logs

db2 "rollforward db sample to end of logs and complete tablespace(RST_BKP_TEST) online"

Method 2: Manual Restore of tablespace with backup having tablespace details

-- This command will restore the tablespace from backup image and put it in “Roll Forward Pending” state
db2 "restore db sample tablespace(RST_TBSP_TEST) online taken at 20110804170807"

-- Rollforward the database to end of logs
db2 "rollforward db sample to end of logs and complete tablespace(RST_BKP_TEST) online"

Method 3:  Manual Restore of tablespace with no backup of the tablespace

-- This command will consider all the tablespace that was available before the RESTORE start. This does not require the backup image to have all new tablespace. i.e if any new tablespace is created after last backup then this command will take care of it.
db2 "restore db sample REBUILD WITH ALL TABLESPACES IN DATABASE"

==OR==
-- This command will do a simple restore of Database from the backup image
db2 “restore db sample taken at 20110804170807”

-- Rollforward the database to end of logs
db2 "rollforward db sample to end of logs and complete tablespace(RST_BKP_TEST) online"

Method 4: Automatic Incremental Restore of the tablespace with backup image having tablespace details

-- Restore Database using the latest backup or the backup image that you want to restore. It can be incremental or full backup
db2 "restore db sample tablespace ( RST_BKP_TEST ) online incremental auto taken at 20110805162803"

-- Rollforward the database to end of logs
db2 "rollforward db sample to end of logs and complete tablespace(RST_BKP_TEST) online"


3) Get the backup status

Sample DB2 command

drop function get_bkp_status
@
create function get_bkp_status()
returns table
       (
               start_time              timestamp
               ,firstlog               varchar(12)
               ,lastlog                varchar(12)
               ,backup_type            varchar(30)
               ,backup_location        varchar(50)
--              ,sqlcode                integer
               ,object_type            varchar(12)
       )
specific get_bkp_status
BEGIN ATOMIC
       return
               select
                       START_TIME
                       ,varchar(FIRSTLOG,12) as firstlog
                       ,varchar(LASTLOG,12) as lastlog
                       ,case OPERATIONTYPE
                               when 'N' then
                                       'Online ' ||
                                               case OBJECTTYPE
                                                       when 'D' then 'Database'
                                                       when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                                                       when 'T' then 'Table'
                                               end
                                       || ' Backup'
                               when 'O' then
                                       'Incremental Online' ||
                                               case OBJECTTYPE
                                                       when 'D' then 'Database'
                                                       when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                                                       when 'T' then 'Table'
                                               end
                                       || ' Backup'
                               when 'F' then
                                       'Offline ' ||
                                               case OBJECTTYPE
                                                       when 'D' then 'Database'
                                                       when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                                                       when 'T' then 'Table'
                                               end
                                       || ' Backup'
                               when 'E' then
                                       'Delta Online' ||
                                               case OBJECTTYPE
                                                       when 'D' then 'Database'
                                                       when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                                                       when 'T' then 'Table'
                                               end

                                       || ' Backup'
                       end as  Backup_type
                       ,varchar(LOCATION,80) as backup_location
                       --,SQLCODE
                       ,case OBJECTTYPE
                               when 'D' then 'Database'
                               when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                               when 'T' then 'Table'
                       end as Object_type
               from
                       sysibmadm.db_history
               where
                       operation='B'
               and
                       OPERATIONTYPE in ('N','O','F','E')
               and
                       SQLCODE is null
               order by
                       START_TIME desc
               ;
end
@




4) Get Restore Status

Sample DB2 Command


drop function get_rst_status
@
create function get_rst_status()
returns table
       (
               start_time              timestamp
               ,firstlog               varchar(12)
               ,lastlog                varchar(12)
               ,restore_type           varchar(30)
               ,restore_location       varchar(50)
               --,sqlcode              integer
               ,Object_type            varchar(12)
       )
specific get_rst_status
BEGIN ATOMIC
       return
               select
                       START_TIME
                       ,varchar(FIRSTLOG,12) as firstlog
                       ,varchar(LASTLOG,12) as lastlog
                       ,case OPERATIONTYPE
                               when 'N' then 'Online ' ||
                                       case OBJECTTYPE
                                               when 'D' then 'Database'
                                               when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                                               when 'T' then 'Table'
                                        end
                                       || ' Restore'
                               when 'O' then
                                       'Incremental Online ' ||
                                       case OBJECTTYPE
                                               when 'D' then 'Database'
                                               when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                                               when 'T' then 'Table'
                                        end
                                       || ' Restore'
                               when 'F' then
                                       'Offline ' ||
                                       case OBJECTTYPE
                                               when 'D' then 'Database'
                                               when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                                               when 'T' then 'Table'
                                        end
                                       || ' Restore'
                       end as  Restore_type
                       ,varchar(LOCATION,80) as restore_location
               --      ,SQLCODE
                        ,case OBJECTTYPE
                               when 'D' then 'Database'
                               when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                               when 'T' then 'Table'
                       end as Object_type
               from
                       sysibmadm.db_history
               where
                       operation='R'
               and
                       OPERATIONTYPE in ('N','O','F')
               and
                       SQLCODE is null
               order by
                       START_TIME desc
               ;
end
@


5) Get Rollforward Status

Sample DB2 Command


drop function get_rf_status
@
create function get_rf_status()
returns table
       (
               start_time              timestamp
               ,firstlog               varchar(12)
               ,lastlog                varchar(12)
               ,rf_type                varchar(40)
               ,rf_location            varchar(50)
               --,sqlcode              integer
               ,Object_type            varchar(12)
       )
specific get_rf_status
BEGIN ATOMIC
       return
               select
                       START_TIME
                       ,varchar(FIRSTLOG,12) as firstlog
                       ,varchar(LASTLOG,12) as lastlog
                       ,case OPERATIONTYPE
                               when 'E' then
                                       'Rollforward ' ||
                                       case OBJECTTYPE
                                               when 'D' then 'Database'
                                               when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                                               when 'T' then 'Table'
                                       end
                                       || ' to End of Logs '
                               when 'P' then
                                       'Rollforward ' ||
                                       case OBJECTTYPE
                                               when 'D' then 'Database'
                                               when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                                               when 'T' then 'Table'
                                       end
                                       || ' to Point in Time'
                       end as  rf_type
                       ,varchar(LOCATION,80) as restore_location
--                      ,SQLCODE
                       ,case OBJECTTYPE
                               when 'D' then 'Database'
                               when 'P' then 'Tablespace'
                               when 'T' then 'Table'
                       end as Object_type
               from
                       sysibmadm.db_history
               where
                       operation='F'
               and
                       OPERATIONTYPE in ('E','P')
               and
                       SQLCODE is null
               order by
                       START_TIME desc
               ;
end
@


6) Get Current Log details

Sample DB2 Command


select
    varchar(db_name,8) as dbname,
    FIRST_ACTIVE_LOG,
    LAST_ACTIVE_LOG,
    CURRENT_ACTIVE_LOG,
    CURRENT_ARCHIVE_LOG
from
    SYSIBMADM.SNAPDETAILLOG


7) Track the log utilization Progress

Sample DB2 Command


while true; do db2 -x "select current timestamp,varchar(DB_NAME,8) as DBNAME ,LOG_UTILIZATION_PERCENT ,substr(TOTAL_LOG_USED_KB,0,15) as TOTAL_LOG_USED_KB ,substr(TOTAL_LOG_AVAILABLE_KB,0,15) as TOTAL_LOG_AVAILABLE_KB ,substr(TOTAL_LOG_USED_TOP_KB ,0,15) as TOTAL_LOG_USED_TOP_KB FROM SYSIBMADM.LOG_UTILIZATION"; sleep 10; done


8) Simulate Insert without commit

Sample DB2 Command


while true; do db2 +c "insert into rst_bkp_test select int(RAND() * 10000) from sysibm.sysdummy1";  done


9) Simulate Insert with Commit

Sample DB2 Command


while true; do db2 "insert into rst_bkp_test select int(RAND() * 10000) from sysibm.sysdummy1"; db2 commit; done



10) Generating SQL from the output of SELECT query

Sample DB2 Command


db2 -x "select TBSPACE from syscat.tablespaces" | while read applid ; do echo "alter tablespace $applid maxsize none"; done



11) Get the number of logs in each chain... This is using GROUPING SET clause

Sample DB2 Command


db2 "select
        last_log,
        first_log,
        sum(r2) as total_logs_in_chain
    from
        (select
            varchar(LASTLOG,12) as last_log,
            varchar(FIRSTLOG,12) as first_log,
            RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY FIRSTLOG order by FIRSTLOG) as r2
        from
            sysibmadm.db_history
        where
            operation = 'X'
        and
            OPERATIONTYPE in ('1')
        GROUP BY
            LASTLOG,FIRSTLOG
        ) as t
    GROUP BY
        GROUPING SETS(
                        (last_log,first_log),
                        (last_log)
                    )"

== OR ==

 
db2 "select
        last_log as log_chain,
        sum(r2) as total_logs_in_chain
    from
        (select
            varchar(LASTLOG,12) as last_log,
            varchar(FIRSTLOG,12) as first_log,
            RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY FIRSTLOG order by FIRSTLOG) as r2
        from
            sysibmadm.db_history
        where
            operation = 'X'
        and
            OPERATIONTYPE in ('1')
        GROUP BY
            LASTLOG,FIRSTLOG
        ) as t
    GROUP BY
        GROUPING SETS(
                        (last_log,first_log),
                        (last_log)
                    )
    fetch first 2 rows only"


12) Get the number of logs in the chains......This is using ROLLUP Function

Sample DB2 Command


db2 "select
        last_log,
        first_log,
        sum(r2) as total_logs_in_chain
    from
        (select
            varchar(LASTLOG,12) as last_log,
            varchar(FIRSTLOG,12) as first_log,
            RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY FIRSTLOG order by FIRSTLOG) as r2
        from
            sysibmadm.db_history
        where
            operation = 'X'
        and
            OPERATIONTYPE in ('1')
        GROUP BY
            LASTLOG,FIRSTLOG
        ) as t
    GROUP BY
        rollup(
                last_log,
                first_log
            )
    fetch first 3 rows only”

==OR==

db2 "select
        last_log as log_chain,
        sum(r2) as total_logs_in_chain
    from
        (select
            varchar(LASTLOG,12) as last_log,
            varchar(FIRSTLOG,12) as first_log,
            RANK() OVER(PARTITION BY FIRSTLOG order by FIRSTLOG) as r2
        from
            sysibmadm.db_history
        where
            operation = 'X'
        and
            OPERATIONTYPE in ('1')
        GROUP BY
            LASTLOG,FIRSTLOG
        ) as t
    GROUP BY
        rollup(
                last_log,
                first_log
            )
    fetch first 3 rows only"




References

1) SQL1268N  Roll-forward recovery stopped due to SQL2062N error when trying to restore from an online backup using the INCLUDE LOGS option. Click here to view more

2) DB2 Backup and Recovery Overview

3) DB2 9 Database Rebuild Support 7 Recovery Enhancements - by Melanie Stopfer, IDUG 2008, North America, Session:D07